/Users/Brian/Desktop/iyer_mazhari_winslow_2004/iyer_mazhari_winslow_2004.cellml
A computational model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte Steven Niederer Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University Model Status This CellML model runs in OpenCell and COR to reproduce the published results. The units have been checked and they are consistent. Model Structure ABSTRACT: A computational model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte is presented. Models of each of the major ionic currents present in these cells are formulated and validated using experimental data obtained from studies of recombinant human ion channels and/or whole-cell recording from single myocytes isolated from human left-ventricular subepicardium. Continuous-time Markov chain models for the gating of the fast Na(+) current, transient outward current, rapid component of the delayed rectifier current, and the L-type calcium current are modified to represent human data at physiological temperature. A new model for the gating of the slow component of the delayed rectifier current is formulated and validated against experimental data. Properties of calcium handling and exchanger currents are altered to appropriately represent the dynamics of intracellular ion concentrations. The model is able to both reproduce and predict a wide range of behaviors observed experimentally including action potential morphology, ionic currents, intracellular calcium transients, frequency dependence of action-potential duration, Ca(2+)-frequency relations, and extrasystolic restitution/post-extrasystolic potentiation. The model therefore serves as a useful tool for investigating mechanisms of arrhythmia and consequences of drug-channel interactions in the human left-ventricular myocyte. The original paper reference is cited below: A computational model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte, Vivek Iyer, Reza Mazhari and Raimond L. Winslow, 2004, Biophysical Journal , 87, 1507-1525. PubMed ID: 15345532 cell diagram <imagedata fileref="iyer_2004.png" /> A schematic diagram describing the ion movement across the cell surface membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which are described by the Iyer et al. 2004 mathematical model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte.
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This version has been recoded by Steven Niederer and is more accurate than the previous version, but runs slower.</rdf:value> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> <j.2:created> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#fc29216f-f933-4395-86ad-af87caeea93e"> <j.2:W3CDTF xml:lang="en">2007-09-11T00:00:00+00:00</j.2:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </j.2:created> <dc:publisher xml:lang="en">Oxford University</dc:publisher> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#98283e59-0d44-4f9e-aef9-9edee42ce3e7"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#240869d5-d2e7-4918-b218-a10f5f2a49c0"> Dept of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics Oxford University </rdf:Description> <j.1:internet rdf:about="rdf:#a9ab6f8f-e029-4e60-8241-15b9316961f1"> <rdf:value xml:lang="en">sn@dpag.ox.ac.uk</rdf:value> </j.1:internet> <N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b2b64ab3-337e-4460-b879-2fc16448db9e"> Steven Niederer </rdf:Description> </N> </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.cellml.org/cellml/1.0#iyer_2004"> <j.3:simulation> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$vhGBC2"> <j.3:boundIntervals> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$whGBC2"> <rdf:rest rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil"/> <rdf:first> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#$xhGBC2"> <j.3:nonstandard-pointDensity xml:lang="en">10000</j.3:nonstandard-pointDensity> <j.3:endingValue xml:lang="en">5000</j.3:endingValue> <j.3:nonstandard-algorithm xml:lang="en">bdf15</j.3:nonstandard-algorithm> </rdf:Description> </rdf:first> </rdf:Description> </j.3:boundIntervals> </rdf:Description> </j.3:simulation> <j.0:reference> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#192d07ed-67a8-4279-8c15-f81eb1d183ee"> <j.0:JournalArticle> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#6c3f5e45-cb7a-458d-b7fd-b69f5918bee1"> <j.0:Journal> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#ef6b366c-a1f4-465a-b261-834b05b14571"> <dc:title xml:lang="en">Biophysical Journal</dc:title> </rdf:Description> </j.0:Journal> <j.0:last_page xml:lang="en">1525</j.0:last_page> <j.0:first_page xml:lang="en">1507</j.0:first_page> <j.2:issued> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#b8cc8eac-7587-4657-accb-cb3ae8ff0976"> <j.2:W3CDTF xml:lang="en">2004-09-00 00:00</j.2:W3CDTF> </rdf:Description> </j.2:issued> <dc:title xml:lang="en">A computational model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte</dc:title> <dc:creator> <rdf:Seq rdf:about="rdf:#0746c562-31fc-4b36-87d5-fa1c50fa84c3"> <rdf:li> <j.0:Person rdf:about="rdf:#87301142-03b1-46cc-93e5-9146a7272163"> <N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#1281d5b9-4562-4c97-b2e9-9c30fcd6f310"> V Iyer </rdf:Description> </N> </j.0:Person> </rdf:li> <rdf:li> <j.0:Person rdf:about="rdf:#6a9b6c17-ec4c-4c47-91c1-a8fa632be6db"> <N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#9cede4cc-268a-40cf-a26b-0196da9da6f3"> R Mazhari </rdf:Description> </N> </j.0:Person> </rdf:li> <rdf:li> <j.0:Person rdf:about="rdf:#3107eb69-84ad-4ad3-aead-e7325d54ac65"> <N> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#243b0e77-7c3a-4a09-8370-4a35e254c30c"> L R Winslow </rdf:Description> </N> </j.0:Person> </rdf:li> </rdf:Seq> </dc:creator> <j.0:volume xml:lang="en">87(3)</j.0:volume> </rdf:Description> </j.0:JournalArticle> <j.0:Pubmed_id xml:lang="en">15345532</j.0:Pubmed_id> </rdf:Description> </j.0:reference> <j.0:reference rdf:parseType="Resource"> <dc:subject rdf:parseType="Resource"> <j.0:subject_type xml:lang="en">keyword</j.0:subject_type> <rdf:value> <rdf:Bag> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">excitation-contraction coupling</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">Ventricular Myocyte</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">epicardial myocyte</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">calcium dynamics</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">ventricular myocyte</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">electrophysiology</rdf:li> <rdf:li xml:lang="en">cardiac</rdf:li> </rdf:Bag> </rdf:value> </dc:subject> </j.0:reference> <cmeta:comment> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#73fb1875-f318-4cd4-86fc-222de5abca92"> <dc:creator> <rdf:Description rdf:about="rdf:#c63b0f0f-35d2-45d4-98a7-969320ffee8f"> James Lawson </rdf:Description> </dc:creator> <rdf:value xml:lang="en">This file is a CellML description of Iyer et al's model of the human left ventricular epicardial myocyte as described in the paper "A Computational model of the human left-ventricular epicardial myocyte"</rdf:value> </rdf:Description> </cmeta:comment> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
Brian Carlson
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
Human Cardiomyocyte Electrophysiology with Ion Handling
Iyer Mazhari and Winslow 2004
iyer_2004
Fluid volume
Temperature
Charge flow rate
Chemical concentration
Electrical potential
Chemical concentration flow rate
Nernst potential
sodium(1+)
potassium(1+)
calcium(2+)
calcium ion
Cardiac myocyte
Cytoplasmic organelle matrix
Plasma membrane
Portion of cytosol
Portion of extracellular matrix
Sarcomere
A physical entity that is defined by linking multiple physical entity terms with structural relations.
A mathematical and/or logical expression that determines the value of a data structure.
An element of a SemSim model that relates to the mathematical or logical representation of physical quantities or qualities.
A physical dependency defined in a specific SemSim model.
A physical entity defined in a specific SemSim model.
A physical process defined in a specific SemSim model.
A physical property defined in a specific SemSim model.
A computational element that stores numerical and/or logical information related to the model.
A data structure whose value is limited to decimals.
A data structure whose value is limited to the whole numbers.
A data structure unique to JSim's Mathematical Modeling Language (MML) used to set one or more model input values at runtime.
A quantitative relation between values of physical properties that occurs over a span of time and that determines the time-course of a physical process.
A physics analytical entity that represents the material, energy, and/or information content of material or immaterial, space-occupying continuants.
A SemSim model element used to represent, in whole or in part, the physical meaning of a computational element.
A physical processural entity that is a flow, or the control of a flow, of energy and/or information amongst physical continuants that are participants in the physical process.
A physical attribute of an instance of a physical entity, an occurrence of a physical process, or a physical dependency that has a quantitative value that is measurable by a physical device or method, or is computable from such values.
A data structure whose value is limited to the real numbers.
A physical dependency that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource.
A physical entity that is defined using a term from an external knowledge resource.
A physical process that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource.
A physical property that is defined using a term in an external knowledge resource.
A logical expression that constrains, but does not define, the value of a data structure. Example: x > 0.
A computational or physical element of a SemSim model.
A grouping of one or more data structures that comprise a computationally or physically distinct part of a model or submodel.
A physical quantity chosen as a standard in terms of which other physical quantities may be expressed.
Backgound sodium channel current
Total current through background sodium channel
Background calcium channel calcium current
Calcium current through background calcium channel
Calcium concentration of fluid inside the junctional region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium concentration in the network regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium concentration in diadic space
Calcium concentration in bulk cytosol
Calcium concentration outside the cardiac myocyte
Faraday constant
Calcium current through L-type calcium channel
Potassium current through L-type calcium channel
Inward rectifier potassium channel current
Rapid delayed rectifier potassium current
Slow delayed rectifier potassium channel current
Fast sodium channel current
Sodium/potassium pump current
Background sodium channel current
Sarcolemmal calcium pump current
Calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium flux between junctional and network sarcoplasmic reticulum
Flux of calcium binding to both low and high affinity sites on troponin C
Calcium uptake from cytosol to network SR through SERCA2a
Calcium flux between the diadic subspace and blulk cytosol
Potassium concentration in bulk cytosol
Concentration of potassium external to the cardiac myocyte
Concentration of sodium in cytosol of cardiac myocyte
Sodium concentration external to cardiac myocyte
Gas constant
Universal gas constant
Temperature of the cardiac myocyte and its surrounding environment
Membrane potential
Volume of matrix of the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum
Volume of the matrix of the network sarcoplasmic reticulum
Volume of the cytosolic fluid in the diadic space
Volume of the cytosol of the cardiac myocyte
Time
Simulation time domain
<eq /> RT_over_F <divide /> <times /> Rgas Temp Faraday <eq /> C <times /> Acap 1.0 <sep /> -3 <eq /> a1 <divide /> C <times /> Vmyo Faraday <eq /> a2 <divide /> C <times /> 2 VSS Faraday <eq /> <diff /> time Nai <times /> <minus /> <plus /> INa INab <times /> 3 <plus /> INaCa INaK IKv14_Na a1 <eq /> <diff /> time Ki <times /> <minus /> <plus /> <minus /> <plus /> IKr IKs IK1 ICaK i_Stim <times /> 2 INaK IKv43 IKv14_K a1 <eq /> <diff /> time Cai <times /> beta_i <minus /> <minus /> <minus /> Jxfer Jup Jtrpn <times /> <plus /> <minus /> ICab <times /> 2 INaCa IpCa 0.5 a1 <eq /> <diff /> time CaSS <times /> beta_SS <minus /> <minus /> <divide /> <times /> Jrel VJSR VSS <divide /> <times /> Jxfer Vmyo VSS <times /> ICa a2 <eq /> <diff /> time CaJSR <times /> beta_JSR <minus /> Jtr Jrel <eq /> <diff /> time CaNSR <minus /> <divide /> <times /> Jup Vmyo VNSR <divide /> <times /> Jtr VJSR VNSR <eq /> i_tot <plus /> INa ICa ICaK IKr IKs IK1 INaCa INaK Ito1 IpCa ICab INab i_Stim <eq /> <diff /> time V <minus /> i_tot
<eq /> alpha_act14 <times /> alphaa0Kv14 <exp /> <times /> aaKv14 V <eq /> beta_act14 <times /> betaa0Kv14 <exp /> <times /> <minus /> baKv14 V <eq /> alpha_inact14 alphai0Kv14 <eq /> beta_inact14 betai0Kv14 <eq /> C0Kv14_to_C1Kv14 <times /> 4 alpha_act14 <eq /> C1Kv14_to_C2Kv14 <times /> 3 alpha_act14 <eq /> C2Kv14_to_C3Kv14 <times /> 2 alpha_act14 <eq /> C3Kv14_to_OKv14 alpha_act14 <eq /> CI0Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 <times /> 4 b1Kv14 alpha_act14 <eq /> CI1Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 <divide /> <times /> 3 b2Kv14 alpha_act14 b1Kv14 <eq /> CI2Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 <divide /> <times /> 2 b3Kv14 alpha_act14 b2Kv14 <eq /> CI3Kv14_to_OIKv14 <divide /> <times /> b4Kv14 alpha_act14 b3Kv14 <eq /> C1Kv14_to_C0Kv14 beta_act14 <eq /> C2Kv14_to_C1Kv14 <times /> 2 beta_act14 <eq /> C3Kv14_to_C2Kv14 <times /> 3 beta_act14 <eq /> OKv14_to_C3Kv14 <times /> 4 beta_act14 <eq /> CI1Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 <divide /> beta_act14 f1Kv14 <eq /> CI2Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 <divide /> <times /> 2 f1Kv14 beta_act14 f2Kv14 <eq /> CI3Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 <divide /> <times /> 3 f2Kv14 beta_act14 f3Kv14 <eq /> OIKv14_to_CI3Kv14 <divide /> <times /> 4 f3Kv14 beta_act14 f4Kv14 <eq /> C0Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 beta_inact14 <eq /> C1Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 <times /> f1Kv14 beta_inact14 <eq /> C2Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 <times /> f2Kv14 beta_inact14 <eq /> C3Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 <times /> f3Kv14 beta_inact14 <eq /> OKv14_to_OIKv14 <times /> f4Kv14 beta_inact14 <eq /> CI0Kv14_to_C0Kv14 alpha_inact14 <eq /> CI1Kv14_to_C1Kv14 <divide /> alpha_inact14 b1Kv14 <eq /> CI2Kv14_to_C2Kv14 <divide /> alpha_inact14 b2Kv14 <eq /> CI3Kv14_to_C3Kv14 <divide /> alpha_inact14 b3Kv14 <eq /> OIKv14_to_OKv14 <divide /> alpha_inact14 b4Kv14 <eq /> a1_C0 <times /> <plus /> C0Kv14_to_C1Kv14 C0Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 C0Kv14 <eq /> a2_C0 <plus /> <times /> C1Kv14_to_C0Kv14 C1Kv14 <times /> CI0Kv14_to_C0Kv14 CI0Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time C0Kv14 <minus /> a2_C0 a1_C0 <eq /> a1_C1 <times /> <plus /> C1Kv14_to_C2Kv14 C1Kv14_to_C0Kv14 C1Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 C1Kv14 <eq /> a2_C1 <plus /> <times /> C2Kv14_to_C1Kv14 C2Kv14 <times /> CI1Kv14_to_C1Kv14 CI1Kv14 <times /> C0Kv14_to_C1Kv14 C0Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time C1Kv14 <minus /> a2_C1 a1_C1 <eq /> a1_C2 <times /> <plus /> C2Kv14_to_C3Kv14 C2Kv14_to_C1Kv14 C2Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 C2Kv14 <eq /> a2_C2 <plus /> <times /> C3Kv14_to_C2Kv14 C3Kv14 <times /> CI2Kv14_to_C2Kv14 CI2Kv14 <times /> C1Kv14_to_C2Kv14 C1Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time C2Kv14 <minus /> a2_C2 a1_C2 <eq /> a1_C3 <times /> <plus /> C3Kv14_to_OKv14 C3Kv14_to_C2Kv14 C3Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 C3Kv14 <eq /> a2_C3 <plus /> <times /> OKv14_to_C3Kv14 OKv14 <times /> CI3Kv14_to_C3Kv14 CI3Kv14 <times /> C2Kv14_to_C3Kv14 C2Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time C3Kv14 <minus /> a2_C3 a1_C3 <eq /> a1_O <times /> <plus /> OKv14_to_C3Kv14 OKv14_to_OIKv14 OKv14 <eq /> a2_O <plus /> <times /> C3Kv14_to_OKv14 C3Kv14 <times /> OIKv14_to_OKv14 OIKv14 <eq /> <diff /> time OKv14 <minus /> a2_O a1_O <eq /> a1_CI0 <times /> <plus /> CI0Kv14_to_C0Kv14 CI0Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 CI0Kv14 <eq /> a2_CI0 <plus /> <times /> C0Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 C0Kv14 <times /> CI1Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 CI1Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time CI0Kv14 <minus /> a2_CI0 a1_CI0 <eq /> a1_CI1 <times /> <plus /> CI1Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 CI1Kv14_to_C1Kv14 CI1Kv14_to_CI0Kv14 CI1Kv14 <eq /> a2_CI1 <plus /> <times /> CI2Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 CI2Kv14 <times /> C1Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 C1Kv14 <times /> CI0Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 CI0Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time CI1Kv14 <minus /> a2_CI1 a1_CI1 <eq /> a1_CI2 <times /> <plus /> CI2Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 CI2Kv14_to_C2Kv14 CI2Kv14_to_CI1Kv14 CI2Kv14 <eq /> a2_CI2 <plus /> <times /> CI3Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 CI3Kv14 <times /> C2Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 C2Kv14 <times /> CI1Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 CI1Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time CI2Kv14 <minus /> a2_CI2 a1_CI2 <eq /> a1_CI3 <times /> <plus /> CI3Kv14_to_OIKv14 CI3Kv14_to_C3Kv14 CI3Kv14_to_CI2Kv14 CI3Kv14 <eq /> a2_CI3 <plus /> <times /> OIKv14_to_CI3Kv14 OIKv14 <times /> C3Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 C3Kv14 <times /> CI2Kv14_to_CI3Kv14 CI2Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time CI3Kv14 <minus /> a2_CI3 a1_CI3 <eq /> a1_OI <times /> <plus /> OIKv14_to_OKv14 OIKv14_to_CI3Kv14 OIKv14 <eq /> a2_OI <plus /> <times /> OKv14_to_OIKv14 OKv14 <times /> CI3Kv14_to_OIKv14 CI3Kv14 <eq /> <diff /> time OIKv14 <minus /> a2_OI a1_OI
<eq /> alpha_act43 <times /> alphaa0Kv43 <exp /> <times /> aaKv43 V <eq /> beta_act43 <times /> betaa0Kv43 <exp /> <times /> <minus /> baKv43 V <eq /> alpha_inact43 <times /> alphai0Kv43 <exp /> <times /> <minus /> aiKv43 V <eq /> beta_inact43 <times /> betai0Kv43 <exp /> <times /> biKv43 V <eq /> C0Kv43_to_C1Kv43 <times /> 4 alpha_act43 <eq /> C1Kv43_to_C2Kv43 <times /> 3 alpha_act43 <eq /> C2Kv43_to_C3Kv43 <times /> 2 alpha_act43 <eq /> C3Kv43_to_OKv43 alpha_act43 <eq /> CI0Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 <times /> 4 b1Kv43 alpha_act43 <eq /> CI1Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 <divide /> <times /> 3 b2Kv43 alpha_act43 b1Kv43 <eq /> CI2Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 <divide /> <times /> 2 b3Kv43 alpha_act43 b2Kv43 <eq /> CI3Kv43_to_OIKv43 <divide /> <times /> b4Kv43 alpha_act43 b3Kv43 <eq /> C1Kv43_to_C0Kv43 beta_act43 <eq /> C2Kv43_to_C1Kv43 <times /> 2 beta_act43 <eq /> C3Kv43_to_C2Kv43 <times /> 3 beta_act43 <eq /> OKv43_to_C3Kv43 <times /> 4 beta_act43 <eq /> CI1Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 <divide /> beta_act43 f1Kv43 <eq /> CI2Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 <divide /> <times /> 2 f1Kv43 beta_act43 f2Kv43 <eq /> CI3Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 <divide /> <times /> 3 f2Kv43 beta_act43 f3Kv43 <eq /> OIKv43_to_CI3Kv43 <divide /> <times /> 4 f3Kv43 beta_act43 f4Kv43 <eq /> C0Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 beta_inact43 <eq /> C1Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 <times /> f1Kv43 beta_inact43 <eq /> C2Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 <times /> f2Kv43 beta_inact43 <eq /> C3Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 <times /> f3Kv43 beta_inact43 <eq /> OKv43_to_OIKv43 <times /> f4Kv43 beta_inact43 <eq /> CI0Kv43_to_C0Kv43 alpha_inact43 <eq /> CI1Kv43_to_C1Kv43 <divide /> alpha_inact43 b1Kv43 <eq /> CI2Kv43_to_C2Kv43 <divide /> alpha_inact43 b2Kv43 <eq /> CI3Kv43_to_C3Kv43 <divide /> alpha_inact43 b3Kv43 <eq /> OIKv43_to_OKv43 <divide /> alpha_inact43 b4Kv43 <eq /> a1_C043 <times /> <plus /> C0Kv43_to_C1Kv43 C0Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 C0Kv43 <eq /> a2_C043 <plus /> <times /> C1Kv43_to_C0Kv43 C1Kv43 <times /> CI0Kv43_to_C0Kv43 CI0Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time C0Kv43 <minus /> a2_C043 a1_C043 <eq /> a1_C143 <times /> <plus /> C1Kv43_to_C2Kv43 C1Kv43_to_C0Kv43 C1Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 C1Kv43 <eq /> a2_C143 <plus /> <times /> C2Kv43_to_C1Kv43 C2Kv43 <times /> CI1Kv43_to_C1Kv43 CI1Kv43 <times /> C0Kv43_to_C1Kv43 C0Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time C1Kv43 <minus /> a2_C143 a1_C143 <eq /> a1_C243 <times /> <plus /> C2Kv43_to_C3Kv43 C2Kv43_to_C1Kv43 C2Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 C2Kv43 <eq /> a2_C243 <plus /> <times /> C3Kv43_to_C2Kv43 C3Kv43 <times /> CI2Kv43_to_C2Kv43 CI2Kv43 <times /> C1Kv43_to_C2Kv43 C1Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time C2Kv43 <minus /> a2_C243 a1_C243 <eq /> a1_C343 <times /> <plus /> C3Kv43_to_OKv43 C3Kv43_to_C2Kv43 C3Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 C3Kv43 <eq /> a2_C343 <plus /> <times /> OKv43_to_C3Kv43 OKv43 <times /> CI3Kv43_to_C3Kv43 CI3Kv43 <times /> C2Kv43_to_C3Kv43 C2Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time C3Kv43 <minus /> a2_C343 a1_C343 <eq /> a1_O43 <times /> <plus /> OKv43_to_C3Kv43 OKv43_to_OIKv43 OKv43 <eq /> a2_O43 <plus /> <times /> C3Kv43_to_OKv43 C3Kv43 <times /> OIKv43_to_OKv43 OIKv43 <eq /> <diff /> time OKv43 <minus /> a2_O43 a1_O43 <eq /> a1_I043 <times /> <plus /> CI0Kv43_to_C0Kv43 CI0Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 CI0Kv43 <eq /> a2_I043 <plus /> <times /> C0Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 C0Kv43 <times /> CI1Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 CI1Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time CI0Kv43 <minus /> a2_I043 a1_I043 <eq /> a1_I143 <times /> <plus /> CI1Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 CI1Kv43_to_C1Kv43 CI1Kv43_to_CI0Kv43 CI1Kv43 <eq /> a2_I143 <plus /> <times /> CI2Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 CI2Kv43 <times /> C1Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 C1Kv43 <times /> CI0Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 CI0Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time CI1Kv43 <minus /> a2_I143 a1_I143 <eq /> a1_I243 <times /> <plus /> CI2Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 CI2Kv43_to_C2Kv43 CI2Kv43_to_CI1Kv43 CI2Kv43 <eq /> a2_I243 <plus /> <times /> CI3Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 CI3Kv43 <times /> C2Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 C2Kv43 <times /> CI1Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 CI1Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time CI2Kv43 <minus /> a2_I243 a1_I243 <eq /> a1_I343 <times /> <plus /> CI3Kv43_to_OIKv43 CI3Kv43_to_C3Kv43 CI3Kv43_to_CI2Kv43 CI3Kv43 <eq /> a2_I343 <plus /> <times /> OIKv43_to_CI3Kv43 OIKv43 <times /> C3Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 C3Kv43 <times /> CI2Kv43_to_CI3Kv43 CI2Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time CI3Kv43 <minus /> a2_I343 a1_I343 <eq /> a1_OI43 <times /> <plus /> OIKv43_to_OKv43 OIKv43_to_CI3Kv43 OIKv43 <eq /> a2_OI43 <plus /> <times /> OKv43_to_OIKv43 OKv43 <times /> CI3Kv43_to_OIKv43 CI3Kv43 <eq /> <diff /> time OIKv43 <minus /> a2_OI43 a1_OI43
<eq /> alpha <times /> 4 1.2 0.416 <exp /> <times /> 0.012 <minus /> V 35 <eq /> beta <times /> 4 0.45 0.049 <exp /> <times /> <minus /> 0.065 <minus /> V 22 <eq /> alpha_prime <times /> aL alpha <eq /> beta_prime <divide /> beta bL <eq /> gamma <times /> 0.6 0.09233 CaSS <eq /> omega <times /> 0.25 0.01 <eq /> C0_to_C1 <times /> 4 alpha <eq /> C1_to_C2 <times /> 3 alpha <eq /> C2_to_C3 <times /> 2 alpha <eq /> C3_to_C4 alpha <eq /> CCa0_to_CCa1 <times /> 4 alpha_prime <eq /> CCa1_to_CCa2 <times /> 3 alpha_prime <eq /> CCa2_to_CCa3 <times /> 2 alpha_prime <eq /> CCa3_to_CCa4 alpha_prime <eq /> C1_to_C0 beta <eq /> C2_to_C1 <times /> 2 beta <eq /> C3_to_C2 <times /> 3 beta <eq /> C4_to_C3 <times /> 4 beta <eq /> CCa1_to_CCa0 beta_prime <eq /> CCa2_to_CCa1 <times /> 2 beta_prime <eq /> CCa3_to_CCa2 <times /> 3 beta_prime <eq /> CCa4_to_CCa3 <times /> 4 beta_prime <eq /> C0_to_CCa0 gamma <eq /> C1_to_CCa1 <times /> aL C0_to_CCa0 <eq /> C2_to_CCa2 <times /> aL C1_to_CCa1 <eq /> C3_to_CCa3 <times /> aL C2_to_CCa2 <eq /> C4_to_CCa4 <times /> aL C3_to_CCa3 <eq /> CCa0_to_C0 omega <eq /> CCa1_to_C1 <divide /> CCa0_to_C0 bL <eq /> CCa2_to_C2 <divide /> CCa1_to_C1 bL <eq /> CCa3_to_C3 <divide /> CCa2_to_C2 bL <eq /> CCa4_to_C4 <divide /> CCa3_to_C3 bL <eq /> a1_C0 <times /> <plus /> C0_to_C1 C0_to_CCa0 C0 <eq /> a2_C0 <plus /> <times /> C1_to_C0 C1 <times /> CCa0_to_C0 CCa0 <eq /> <diff /> time C0 <minus /> a2_C0 a1_C0 <eq /> a1_C1 <times /> <plus /> C1_to_C0 C1_to_C2 C1_to_CCa1 C1 <eq /> a2_C1 <plus /> <times /> C0_to_C1 C0 <times /> C2_to_C1 C2 <times /> CCa1_to_C1 CCa1 <eq /> <diff /> time C1 <minus /> a2_C1 a1_C1 <eq /> a1_C2 <times /> <plus /> C2_to_C1 C2_to_C3 C2_to_CCa2 C2 <eq /> a2_C2 <plus /> <times /> C1_to_C2 C1 <times /> C3_to_C2 C3 <times /> CCa2_to_C2 CCa2 <eq /> <diff /> time C2 <minus /> a2_C2 a1_C2 <eq /> a1_C3 <times /> <plus /> C3_to_C2 C3_to_C4 C3_to_CCa3 C3 <eq /> a2_C3 <plus /> <times /> C2_to_C3 C2 <times /> C4_to_C3 C4 <times /> CCa3_to_C3 CCa3 <eq /> <diff /> time C3 <minus /> a2_C3 a1_C3 <eq /> a1_C4 <times /> <plus /> C4_to_C3 fL C4_to_CCa4 C4 <eq /> a2_C4 <plus /> <times /> C3_to_C4 C3 <times /> gL Open <times /> CCa4_to_C4 CCa4 <eq /> <diff /> time C4 <minus /> a2_C4 a1_C4 <eq /> <diff /> time Open <minus /> <times /> fL C4 <times /> gL Open <eq /> a1_Ca0 <times /> <plus /> CCa0_to_CCa1 CCa0_to_C0 CCa0 <eq /> a2_Ca0 <plus /> <times /> CCa1_to_CCa0 CCa1 <times /> C0_to_CCa0 C0 <eq /> <diff /> time CCa0 <minus /> a2_Ca0 a1_Ca0 <eq /> a1_Ca1 <times /> <plus /> CCa1_to_CCa0 CCa1_to_CCa2 CCa1_to_C1 CCa1 <eq /> a2_Ca1 <plus /> <times /> CCa0_to_CCa1 CCa0 <times /> CCa2_to_CCa1 CCa2 <times /> C1_to_CCa1 C1 <eq /> <diff /> time CCa1 <minus /> a2_Ca1 a1_Ca1 <eq /> a1_Ca2 <times /> <plus /> CCa2_to_CCa1 CCa2_to_CCa3 CCa2_to_C2 CCa2 <eq /> a2_Ca2 <plus /> <times /> CCa1_to_CCa2 CCa1 <times /> CCa3_to_CCa2 CCa3 <times /> C2_to_CCa2 C2 <eq /> <diff /> time CCa2 <minus /> a2_Ca2 a1_Ca2 <eq /> a1_Ca3 <times /> <plus /> CCa3_to_CCa2 CCa3_to_CCa4 CCa3_to_C3 CCa3 <eq /> a2_Ca3 <plus /> <times /> CCa2_to_CCa3 CCa2 <times /> CCa4_to_CCa3 CCa4 <times /> C3_to_CCa3 C3 <eq /> <diff /> time CCa3 <minus /> a2_Ca3 a1_Ca3 <eq /> a1_Ca4 <times /> <plus /> CCa4_to_CCa3 CCa4_to_C4 CCa4 <eq /> a2_Ca4 <plus /> <times /> CCa3_to_CCa4 CCa3 <times /> C4_to_CCa4 C4 <eq /> <diff /> time CCa4 <minus /> a2_Ca4 a1_Ca4 <eq /> a1_Cainf 0.82 <eq /> yCa_inf <minus /> <plus /> <divide /> a1_Cainf <plus /> 1 <exp /> <divide /> <plus /> V 28.5 7.8 1 a1_Cainf <eq /> tau_yCa <divide /> 1 <plus /> <divide /> 0.00336336209452 <plus /> 0.5 <exp /> <divide /> V <minus /> 5.53899874036055 <times /> 0.00779046570737 <exp /> <divide /> V <minus /> 49.51039631160386 <eq /> <diff /> time yCa <divide /> <minus /> yCa_inf yCa tau_yCa
<eq /> dC1_RyR <plus /> <times /> <minus /> kaplus <power /> <times /> CaSS 1000 ncoop C1_RyR <times /> kaminus O1_RyR <eq /> dO2_RyR <minus /> <times /> kbplus <power /> <times /> CaSS 1000 mcoop O1_RyR <times /> kbminus O2_RyR <eq /> dC2_RyR <minus /> <times /> kcplus O1_RyR <times /> kcminus C2_RyR <eq /> dO1_RyR <minus /> <plus /> dC1_RyR dO2_RyR dC2_RyR <eq /> <diff /> time C1_RyR dC1_RyR <eq /> <diff /> time O2_RyR dO2_RyR <eq /> <diff /> time C2_RyR dC2_RyR <eq /> <diff /> time O1_RyR dO1_RyR
<eq /> PK <times /> Pscale 4.574 <sep /> -7 <eq /> PCa <times /> Pscale 2.469 <sep /> -4 <eq /> VF_over_RT <divide /> V RT_over_F <eq /> VFsq_over_RT <times /> 1000 Faraday VF_over_RT <eq /> a1_Ca <minus /> <times /> 1.0 <sep /> -3 <exp /> <times /> 2 VF_over_RT <times /> Cao 0.341 <eq /> a2_Ca <minus /> <exp /> <times /> 2 VF_over_RT 1 <eq /> ICamax <divide /> <times /> PCa 4 VFsq_over_RT a1_Ca a2_Ca <eq /> ICa <times /> ICamax yCa Open <eq /> Icabar 0 <geq /> ICamax 0 ICamax <eq /> PKprime <divide /> PK <plus /> 1 <divide /> Icabar ICahalf <eq /> a1_K <minus /> <times /> Ki <exp /> VF_over_RT Ko <eq /> a2_K <minus /> <exp /> VF_over_RT 1 <eq /> ICaK <divide /> <times /> PKprime Open yCa VFsq_over_RT a1_K a2_K
<eq /> fb <power /> <divide /> Cai Kfb Nfb <eq /> rb <power /> <divide /> CaNSR Krb Nrb <eq /> Jup <divide /> <times /> KSR <minus /> <times /> vmaxf fb <times /> vmaxr rb <plus /> 1 fb rb <eq /> Jrel <times /> v1 <plus /> O1_RyR O2_RyR <minus /> CaJSR CaSS <eq /> Jtr <divide /> <minus /> CaNSR CaJSR tautr <eq /> Jxfer <divide /> <minus /> CaSS Cai tauxfer
Nernst potential of calcium across the plasma membrane of the cardiac myocyte
Sodium/calcium exchanger current
<eq /> ICab <times /> GCab <minus /> V ECa <eq /> IpCa <divide /> <times /> IpCamax Cai <plus /> KmpCa Cai <eq /> VF_over_RT <divide /> V RT_over_F <eq /> sigma <divide /> <minus /> <exp /> <divide /> Nao 67.3 1 7 <eq /> a1_Na <plus /> 1 <times /> 0.1245 <exp /> <times /> <minus /> 0.1 VF_over_RT <eq /> a2_Na <times /> 0.0365 sigma <exp /> <times /> <minus /> 1.33 VF_over_RT <eq /> fNaK <divide /> 1 <plus /> a1_Na a2_Na <eq /> a1_K <divide /> Ko <plus /> Ko KmKo <eq /> a2_K <plus /> 1 <power /> <divide /> KmNai Nai 1.5 <eq /> INaK <divide /> <times /> INaKmax fNaK a1_K a2_K <eq /> a1_ncx <times /> <exp /> <times /> eta VF_over_RT <power /> Nai 3 Cao <eq /> a2_ncx <times /> <exp /> <times /> <minus /> eta 1 VF_over_RT <power /> Nao 3 Cai <eq /> a3_ncx <plus /> 1 <times /> ksat <exp /> <times /> <minus /> eta 1 VF_over_RT <eq /> a4_ncx <plus /> KmCa Cao <eq /> a5_ncx <divide /> <plus /> <power /> KmNa 3 <power /> Nao 3 5000 <eq /> INaCa <divide /> <times /> kNaCa <minus /> a1_ncx a2_ncx <times /> a4_ncx a3_ncx a5_ncx
Nernst potential of potassium across the plasma membrane of the cardiac myocyte
Nernst potential of sodium across the plasma membrane of the cardiac myocyte
Transient outward potassium channel current
<eq /> PKv14 <times /> <minus /> 1 Kv43Frac KvScale 4.2986 <sep /> -7 <eq /> GKv43 <times /> Kv43Frac KvScale 0.1 <eq /> INa <times /> GNa <plus /> na6 na7 <minus /> V ENa <eq /> fKo <root /> <divide /> Ko 4 <eq /> IKr <times /> GKr fKo OHerg <minus /> V EK <eq /> IKs <times /> GKs <plus /> O1ks O2ks <minus /> V EK <eq /> IKv43 <times /> GKv43 OKv43 <minus /> V EK <eq /> VF_over_RT <divide /> V RT_over_F <eq /> VFsq_over_RT <times /> 1000 Faraday VF_over_RT <eq /> a1_K <minus /> <times /> Ki <exp /> VF_over_RT Ko <eq /> a2 <minus /> <exp /> VF_over_RT 1 <eq /> IKv14_K <divide /> <times /> PKv14 OKv14 VFsq_over_RT a1_K a2 <eq /> a1_Na <minus /> <times /> Nai <exp /> VF_over_RT Nao <eq /> IKv14_Na <divide /> <times /> 0.02 PKv14 OKv14 VFsq_over_RT a1_Na a2 <eq /> IKv14 <plus /> IKv14_K IKv14_Na <eq /> Ito1 <plus /> IKv43 IKv14 <eq /> K1_inf <divide /> 1 <plus /> 0.94 <exp /> <times /> <divide /> 1.26 RT_over_F <minus /> V EK <eq /> IK1 <times /> GK1 <root /> <divide /> Ko 1 K1_inf <minus /> V EK <eq /> INab <times /> GNab <minus /> V ENa
Total concentration of calmodulin in cytosol
Total concentration of calmodulin in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum
Total concentration of EGTA in cytosol
Concentration of calcium bound to high affinity troponin C binding sites
Total concentration of high affinity troponin binding sites
Concentration of calcium bound to low affinity troponin C binding sites
Total concentration of low affinity troponin binding sites
<eq /> dLTRPNCa <minus /> <times /> kltrpn_plus Cai <minus /> 1 LTRPNCa <times /> kltrpn_minus LTRPNCa <eq /> dHTRPNCa <minus /> <times /> khtrpn_plus Cai <minus /> 1 HTRPNCa <times /> khtrpn_minus HTRPNCa <eq /> <diff /> time LTRPNCa dLTRPNCa <eq /> <diff /> time HTRPNCa dHTRPNCa <eq /> Jtrpn <plus /> <times /> LTRPNtot dLTRPNCa <times /> HTRPNtot dHTRPNCa <eq /> beta_SS <divide /> 1 <plus /> 1 <divide /> <times /> CMDNtot KmCMDN <power /> <plus /> CaSS KmCMDN 2 <divide /> <times /> EGTAtot KmEGTA <power /> <plus /> CaSS KmEGTA 2 <eq /> beta_JSR <divide /> 1 <plus /> 1 <divide /> <times /> CSQNtot KmCSQN <power /> <plus /> CaJSR KmCSQN 2 <eq /> beta_i <divide /> 1 <plus /> 1 <divide /> <times /> CMDNtot KmCMDN <power /> <plus /> Cai KmCMDN 2 <divide /> <times /> EGTAtot KmEGTA <power /> <plus /> Cai KmEGTA 2
<eq /> ENa <times /> RT_over_F <ln /> <divide /> Nao Nai <eq /> EK <times /> RT_over_F <ln /> <divide /> Ko Ki <eq /> a1 <plus /> Ko <times /> 0.01833 Nao <eq /> a2 <plus /> Ki <times /> 0.01833 Nai <eq /> EKs <times /> RT_over_F <ln /> <divide /> a1 a2 <eq /> ECa <times /> 0.5 RT_over_F <ln /> <divide /> Cao Cai
Calcium/troponin buffering
Buffering uptake of calcium by both high and low affinity troponin
Calcium bound to high affinity troponin C binding sites
Calcium bound to low affinity troponin C binding site
Diadic space
Space between t-tubule and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum
<eq /> C2H_to_C3H <times /> T_Const_HERG 0.02608362043337 <eq /> C3H_to_C2H <times /> T_Const_HERG 0.14832978132145 <eq /> C1H_to_C2H <times /> T_Const_HERG A0_HERG <exp /> <times /> B0_HERG V <eq /> C2H_to_C1H <times /> T_Const_HERG A1_HERG <exp /> <times /> B1_HERG V <eq /> C3H_to_OH <times /> T_Const_HERG A2_HERG <exp /> <times /> B2_HERG V <eq /> OH_to_C3H <times /> T_Const_HERG A3_HERG <exp /> <times /> B3_HERG V <eq /> OH_to_IH <times /> T_Const_HERG A4_HERG <exp /> <times /> B4_HERG V <eq /> IH_to_OH <times /> T_Const_HERG A5_HERG <exp /> <times /> B5_HERG V <eq /> C3H_to_IH <times /> T_Const_HERG A6_HERG <exp /> <times /> B6_HERG V <eq /> IH_to_C3H <divide /> <times /> OH_to_C3H IH_to_OH C3H_to_IH <times /> C3H_to_OH OH_to_IH <eq /> <diff /> time C1Herg <minus /> <times /> C2H_to_C1H C2Herg <times /> C1H_to_C2H C1Herg <eq /> a1_C2 <plus /> <times /> C1H_to_C2H C1Herg <times /> C3H_to_C2H C3Herg <eq /> a2_C2 <times /> <plus /> C2H_to_C1H C2H_to_C3H C2Herg <eq /> <diff /> time C2Herg <minus /> a1_C2 a2_C2 <eq /> a1_C3 <plus /> <times /> C2H_to_C3H C2Herg <times /> OH_to_C3H OHerg <times /> IH_to_C3H IHerg <eq /> a2_C3 <times /> <plus /> C3H_to_IH C3H_to_OH C3H_to_C2H C3Herg <eq /> <diff /> time C3Herg <minus /> a1_C3 a2_C3 <eq /> a1_O <plus /> <times /> C3H_to_OH C3Herg <times /> IH_to_OH IHerg <eq /> a2_O <times /> <plus /> OH_to_C3H OH_to_IH OHerg <eq /> <diff /> time OHerg <minus /> a1_O a2_O <eq /> a1_I <plus /> <times /> C3H_to_IH C3Herg <times /> OH_to_IH OHerg <eq /> a2_I <times /> <plus /> IH_to_C3H IH_to_OH IHerg <eq /> <diff /> time IHerg <minus /> a1_I a2_I
<eq /> FoverRT <divide /> 1 RToverF <eq /> KToverH <divide /> <times /> 1.381 <sep /> -23 TNa 6.626 <sep /> -31 <eq /> RTNa <times /> Rgas TNa <eq /> RTNaF <divide /> <times /> Rgas TNa Faraday <eq /> Temp_Scale 1.38862291252871 <eq /> alpha1 <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 114007.462700232 RTNa <divide /> 224.114 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 0.286374268596235 V RTNaF <eq /> beta1 <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 272470.273489681 RTNa <divide /> 708.146 Rgas <divide /> <times /> <minus /> 2.28528417586424 V RTNaF <eq /> gamma1 <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 196336.575735923 RTNa <divide /> 529.952 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 2.78084918596045 V RTNaF <eq /> Delta1 <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 133689.9304091 RTNa <divide /> 229.205 Rgas <divide /> <times /> <minus /> 1.55804214553883 V RTNaF <eq /> On <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 62123.0784380481 RTNa <divide /> 39.295 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 0.288816042743232 V RTNaF <eq /> Of <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 97657.8497137015 RTNa <divide /> 1.51 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 0.0684861993100685 V RTNaF <eq /> GammaGamma <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> 116431.142142348 RTNa <divide /> <minus /> 578.317 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 0.764126011745707 V RTNaF <eq /> DeltaDelta <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 55700.6624658307 RTNa <divide /> <minus /> 130.639 Rgas <divide /> <times /> <minus /> 3.64981672927078 V RTNaF <eq /> epsilon <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 85800.3675578326 RTNa <divide /> 70.078 Rgas <eq /> omega_na <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 121955.166154864 RTNa <divide /> 225.175 Rgas <eq /> rho <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 147813.990005035 RTNa <divide /> 338.915 Rgas <divide /> <times /> 2.1360043702126 V RTNaF <eq /> mu <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 121322.143275242 RTNa <divide /> 193.265 Rgas <divide /> <times /> <minus /> 1.74290267020903 V RTNaF <eq /> Cn <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 287913.446530953 RTNa <divide /> 786.217 Rgas <eq /> Cf <times /> Temp_Scale KToverH <exp /> <plus /> <divide /> <minus /> 59565.2236284584 RTNa <divide /> 0.00711 Rgas <eq /> parameter_a 1.40042625477401 <eq /> k12 <times /> 4 alpha1 <eq /> k23 <times /> 3 alpha1 <eq /> k34 <times /> 2 alpha1 <eq /> k45 alpha1 <eq /> k56 gamma1 <eq /> k67 epsilon <eq /> k89 <times /> k12 parameter_a <eq /> k910 <times /> k23 parameter_a <eq /> k1011 <times /> k34 parameter_a <eq /> k1112 <times /> k45 parameter_a <eq /> k1213 GammaGamma <eq /> k57 rho <eq /> k21 beta1 <eq /> k32 <times /> 2 beta1 <eq /> k43 <times /> 3 beta1 <eq /> k54 <times /> 4 beta1 <eq /> k65 Delta1 <eq /> k76 omega_na <eq /> k98 <divide /> k21 parameter_a <eq /> k109 <divide /> k32 parameter_a <eq /> k1110 <divide /> k43 parameter_a <eq /> k1211 <divide /> k54 parameter_a <eq /> k1312 DeltaDelta <eq /> k75 mu <eq /> k81 Cf <eq /> k92 <divide /> k81 parameter_a <eq /> k103 <divide /> k92 parameter_a <eq /> k114 <divide /> k103 parameter_a <eq /> k125 <divide /> k114 parameter_a <eq /> k136 Of <eq /> k18 Cn <eq /> k29 <times /> k18 parameter_a <eq /> k310 <times /> k29 parameter_a <eq /> k411 <times /> k310 parameter_a <eq /> k512 <times /> k411 parameter_a <eq /> k613 On <eq /> <diff /> time na1 <plus /> <times /> <minus /> <plus /> k18 k12 na1 <times /> k21 na2 <times /> k81 na8 <eq /> <diff /> time na2 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k12 na1 <times /> <plus /> k21 k23 k29 na2 <times /> k32 na3 <times /> k92 na9 <eq /> <diff /> time na3 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k23 na2 <times /> <plus /> k32 k34 k310 na3 <times /> k43 na4 <times /> k103 na10 <eq /> <diff /> time na4 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k34 na3 <times /> <plus /> k43 k45 k411 na4 <times /> k54 na5 <times /> k114 na11 <eq /> <diff /> time na5 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k45 na4 <times /> <plus /> k54 k56 k57 k512 na5 <times /> k65 na6 <times /> k75 na7 <times /> k125 na12 <eq /> <diff /> time na6 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k56 na5 <times /> <plus /> k65 k67 k613 na6 <times /> k76 na7 <times /> k136 na13 <eq /> <diff /> time na7 <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k57 na5 <times /> k67 na6 <times /> <plus /> k75 k76 na7 <eq /> <diff /> time na8 <plus /> <minus /> <times /> k18 na1 <times /> <plus /> k81 k89 na8 <times /> k98 na9 <eq /> <diff /> time na9 <plus /> <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k29 na2 <times /> k89 na8 <times /> <plus /> k98 k92 k910 na9 <times /> k109 na10 <eq /> <diff /> time na10 <plus /> <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k310 na3 <times /> k910 na9 <times /> <plus /> k1011 k103 k109 na10 <times /> k1110 na11 <eq /> <diff /> time na11 <plus /> <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k411 na4 <times /> k1011 na10 <times /> <plus /> k1110 k114 k1112 na11 <times /> k1211 na12 <eq /> <diff /> time na12 <plus /> <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k512 na5 <times /> k1112 na11 <times /> <plus /> k1211 k125 k1213 na12 <times /> k1312 na13 <eq /> <diff /> time na13 <minus /> <plus /> <times /> k613 na6 <times /> k1213 na12 <times /> <plus /> k1312 k136 na13
<eq /> past <times /> <floor /> <divide /> time stim_period stim_period <eq /> i_Stim stim_amplitude <and /> <geq /> <minus /> time past stim_offset <leq /> <minus /> time past <plus /> stim_offset stim_duration 0
Internal Cytosolic Ca2+ transfer
Calcium Flux from the cytosolic diadic space to the bulk cytosol by diffusion
Internal SR Ca2+ transfer
Calcium flux from network SR into junctional SR by diffusion
Total current through the inward rectifier potassium channel
Junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum
SR regions in close proximity to cytosolic diadic space
L-Type calcium channel calcium current
L-type calcium channel potassium current
Network sarcoplasmic reticulum
Region of the sarcoplasmic reticulum connecting the junction sarcoplasmic reticulum regions
Rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel current
Total current through rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel
SERCA2a Uptake
Uptake of Calcium from the Cytosol to the Network SR by the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pump (SERCA2a)
SR RyR Ca2+ release
Calcium release from junctional SR into the cytosolic subspace (Diadic space) mediated by sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor
Total current through sarcolemmal calcium pump
Total current through the slow delayed rectifier potassium channel
Total current through sodium/calcium exchanger
Total current through the sodium/potassium pump
Sodium channel current
Total current through the fast sodium channel
Total portion of EGTA
Total portion of calmodulin
Total portion of calsequestrin
Total portion of high affinity troponin C binding sites
Total portion of low affinity troponin C binding sites
Total current through transient outward potassium channel